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Options trading involves the buying and selling of options, which are financial instruments deriving their value from an underlying asset’s market price. This financial instrument gives its holder the right to buy or sell the asset at the specified price on or before the expiration date.
SPY options derive their value from the exchange-traded fund SPY or the SPDR S&P 500 ETF. It is one of the most popular funds in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and tracks the performance of the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 Index. This index comprises 500 large-cap publicly traded stocks in the United States, which are selected based on market size, liquidity, and industry. The S&P 500 is one of the main indicators of the U.S. equity market and the economy’s health and stability.
Options are financial instruments that give its holder, also known as the buyer, the right to purchase or sell the underlying asset specified in the contract at the stated strike price on or before its expiry date. On the other hand, the option writer (or seller) has the obligation to purchase or sell the specified asset at the strike price.
Both buyers (option holders) and sellers (option writers) get something out of this arrangement. The option seller undertakes the obligation to fulfill the terms of the contract in exchange for earning the premium paid for it. On the other hand, the option buyer pays the premium in exchange for the right that may earn them a profit before it expires on the specified date.
An SPY call option gives you the right to purchase SPY ETF shares at the specified price on or before the contract’s expiration date.
Call options are bought (long position) when the SPY shares are forecasted to increase in value in the future. The loss in a long call option is limited to the premium paid to buy it, while its potential return is equivalent to the future selling price per share minus the option strike price and premiums per share. A long-call option can be profitable as long as you exercise it and sell the shares when the market price is above the strike price.
On the other hand, selling or writing a call option (short position) is done when the SPY market value is expected to fall. The maximum return for a short call option is the premium received for the options you sold, while potential loss is equal to the market price per SPY ETF share when the holder exercises the option.
An SPY put option gives you the right to sell SPY shares at the specified strike price on or before the expiration date of the option.
You enter a long-put option position when SPY shares are expected to decrease in value in the near future. The potential return for a long put option is equal to the strike price minus market price and premium per SPY share, while potential loss is limited to the premium paid for the put option. You can turn a profit from exercising your long put option if the SPY ETF price is below the strike price when you do so.
On the other hand, you sell put options (short position) when the SPY ETF is forecasted to increase in value. Potential return is limited to the premiums paid to you by the put option holder, while losses are theoretically unlimited - equal to the strike price specified in the options contract minus the market price per share when the option is exercised.
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